Children are constantly on the move. From running, jumping, and playing to simply walking around, their feet bear the brunt of their activities. However, foot problems among children are not uncommon and may go unnoticed until they begin to cause discomfort. Parents might dismiss early signs as growing pains, but some issues can lead to more serious problems if left untreated.
This article explores five common foot issues found in children, their causes, and signs to look out for. With the right knowledge and early intervention, parents can ensure their children maintain healthy, active lives.
1. Flat Feet
The term flat foot refers to the absence of the natural arch in the sole of the foot. This condition is often seen in young children, as their arches develop gradually by the age of six.
Developing an arch in the foot is a normal part of a child’s growth. Unfortunately, some children may not develop arches as expected.
A noticeable sign of this condition is the entire sole of the foot pressing flat against the ground when standing. Children with flat feet may also complain of pain in their feet or ankles, more so after physical activity. They might struggle with running or participating in sports compared to their peers.
Managing Flat Feet
If a child shows no discomfort or difficulty, flat feet may not require immediate treatment. However, if it is causing pain or affecting daily activities, parents should consult a podiatrist. Treatment may include custom orthotic insoles or exercises to strengthen foot muscles.
2. Ingrown Toenails
Ingrown toenails occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This condition is one of the most common foot problems in children. It often leads to pain, redness, and swelling. An untreated ingrown toenail can progress to an infection.
Signs of an ingrown toenail include:
- Redness or swelling around the nail edge
- Pain when pressure is applied to the toe
- The presence of visible pus or drainage, which may signal an infection
The primary cause of ingrown toenails is improper nail trimming. In particular, it stems from cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges instead of trimming them straight across. Tight footwear that squeezes the toes can also contribute to the development of this condition.
Managing Ingrown Toenails
Parents should ensure that toenails are cut straight across and not too short. If an ingrown toenail persists or appears infected, seeing a podiatrist is necessary. They may remove the affected portion of the nail and recommend topical medication to prevent infection.
3. Plantar Warts
Plantar warts are a common foot problem caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). It leads to growths on the soles of the feet that can be painful, especially when walking or standing. These warts often present as small, rough growths that may have distinctive black dots at their center, which are clotted blood vessels.
Common signs are pain in the area when pressure is applied and a thickened, callus-like appearance around the wart. Plantar warts develop when HPV enters the skin through tiny cuts or abrasions. The virus thrives in warm, moist environments, making swimming pools and locker room floors key areas for getting it.
Managing Plantar Warts
Over-the-counter treatments containing salicylic acid may help remove the wart over time. However, stubborn warts or clusters may require professional treatment. This foot care may include freezing (cryotherapy) or laser therapy, provided by a podiatrist.
4. Sever’s Disease
Sever’s disease, or calcaneal apophysitis, is a common source of heel pain in active children. It is caused by inflammation of the growth plate in the heel. This condition often develops due to repetitive stress and overuse during physical activities.
Children with Sever’s disease may experience heel pain, especially after running or jumping. They might also have difficulty walking or develop a limp because of the discomfort. Tenderness when the sides of the heel are squeezed is also a typical sign.
The condition is most common during growth spurts when the heel bone grows faster than the surrounding muscles and tendons. It frequently affects children involved in sports or other high-impact activities.
Managing Sever’s Disease
Treatment involves rest, stretching exercises for the Achilles tendon, and proper footwear with cushioned support. A podiatrist may also recommend heel lifts or orthotics to reduce pressure on the heel.
5. Toe Walking
Toe walking is when children walk on their toes or the balls of their feet without allowing their heels to touch the ground. While it is common for young children to toe walk during their early years, this typically changes by three years of age. Persistent toe walking beyond this age might suggest an underlying issue. Signs include tight calf muscles, limited foot flexibility, and difficulty placing the heel flat on the ground.
Toe walking has no known cause. However, it can be linked to neurological disorders, shortened Achilles tendons, or muscle tightness.
Managing Toe Walking
If toe walking persists beyond early childhood, consult a foot and ankle doctor near you. Treatment may include stretching exercises, orthotics, or braces. Rarely, surgery may be required to lengthen the Achilles tendon.
Treatment for Foot Problems in Warwick, Middleton, & Dartmouth, RI
Healthy feet are the foundation of a child’s mobility. Recognizing common foot problems in children allows parents to address them early and avoid long-term issues.
Is your child experiencing symptoms of flat feet, toe walking, or any of the conditions discussed? If so, the team at Foot & Ankle Institute of New England is here to help. Our experienced podiatrists specialize in diagnosing and treating pediatric foot problems. We will ensure your child stays comfortable and active. Call the office nearest to you or request a consultation to learn more. Together, we can help your child put their best foot forward.
We look forward to serving you!
Sources:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/flat-feet-pes-planus
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17664-ingrown-toenails
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24899-plantar-warts
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21176-severs-disease-calcaneal-apophysitis
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20378414
