Have you ever looked down at your feet only to discover that one or more of your toes have curled into an embarrassing and painful hammertoe shape? You’re not alone – hammertoes are a very common foot problem that often requires surgical treatment.
While hammertoe surgery may sound intimidating, it’s important to understand the different surgical options available to make an informed decision about the right procedure.
Here is a brief overview of hammertoe and the surgical procedures available to correct this foot deformity.
What is Hammertoe?
Hammertoe is a common foot deformity affecting one or more toes. The condition gets its name from how it causes the affected toe or toes to bend downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
This abnormal bending can put pressure on the toe when wearing shoes, leading to problems such as pain, redness, and calluses.
Hammertoe can occur in any toe except the big toe. It primarily affects the second or third toe and usually develops over time due to genetics, arthritis, or an injury where the toe has been jammed or broken. Additionally, wearing shoes that are too tight and squeeze your toes together can also cause hammertoe to develop.
There are two types of hammertoes:
- Flexible Hammertoes: These are hammertoes in their early stages, where the toe is still moveable at the joint.
- Rigid Hammertoes: This is a more serious condition. With time, if left untreated, the tendons of a flexible hammertoe will tighten up and leave the toe stuck in a claw-like position. At this stage, the toe cannot be moved, and surgery is usually required to correct it.
Surgical Treatments for Hammertoe
Here are some common treatments for hammertoes.
Tendon Transfer
A tendon transfer is a surgical procedure specifically designed to address the root cause of hammertoe, which is often an imbalance in the muscles that control toe movement. Under local anesthesia, the hammertoe surgeon will make a small incision and then carefully redirect the tendon from its original position.
For hammertoes, this process typically involves moving a tendon from the bottom of the toe to the top. This strategic repositioning helps pull the bent joint into a straight alignment.
The result is a significant improvement in both the appearance and function of the toe. The recovery period will vary depending on the individual, but patients are usually able to resume normal activities within a few weeks.
Joint Resection
Joint resection, another surgical intervention for hammertoe, involves removing part of the affected joint, causing the toe’s abnormal bend. The hammertoe surgeon makes an incision and removes a portion of the bone at the joint, allowing the toe to straighten out.
The hammertoe surgeon may insert temporary pins into the toe to maintain this straight position during the healing process. These pins, which are usually removed after a few weeks once the toe has healed, provide essential support and ensure the success of the procedure.
Fusion (Arthrodesis)
Fusion, also known as arthrodesis, is a more invasive surgical option typically reserved for severe cases of hammertoe where the toe has become rigid. During this procedure, the surgeon removes part of the problematic joint and then uses pins or screws to join the bones together permanently.
Over time, these bones fuse or grow together, resulting in a toe that remains straight and stable. However, it’s important to note that this stability comes at the cost of flexibility.
The fused toe will have limited bending ability, a trade-off many patients are willing to make to relieve the pain and discomfort of hammertoe.
Amputation
In extremely severe cases of hammertoe, where other treatments have not been successful, amputation of the affected toe may be recommended. While this may sound drastic, it’s worth noting that this procedure can often provide considerable relief from pain.
Toe amputation also tends to improve overall foot mechanics, making it easier for the person to walk and wear shoes comfortably. Although it’s considered a last resort, it’s an option that can significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals with severe hammertoe.
Hammertoe Surgeon in RI and MA
Each of the hammertoe surgical procedures has its benefits and potential drawbacks. The most effective treatment will depend on the individual’s particular circumstances, including the severity of the hammertoe, overall health status, and personal lifestyle.
As such, it’s crucial to have an in-depth discussion with your hammertoe surgeon to choose the most suitable treatment option.
At the Foot & Ankle Institute of New England, we have a team of highly trained and skilled foot surgeons who perform comprehensive evaluations of a patient’s foot and ankle condition before recommending a surgical procedure.
For more information or to set up a private consultation with one of our providers, call us today at one of our locations near you or fill out our online appointment request form. We look forward to serving you!
